Pain Interference Patterns

The ultimate goal for disability legislation, rehabilitation programs, research, and consumers is full participation. As such, it is central to the ecological theory of disability, which describes participation as the interaction between person and environmental factors. Our Pain Interference Patterns research is designed to increase understanding of how personal factors like pain interact with environmental barriers like physical accessibility to influence community participation in adults with mobility and sensory impairments living in the community.

The project includes two studies. The first is a population-based longitudinal study of individuals with disabilities living with pain. Survey data will be collected at four intervals across an 18 month time span to analyze general patterns of pain intensity, environmental barriers and participation. We have completed the first two waves of data collection and preliminary models indicate that factors like average pain levels, pain coping style, and barriers in the community account for 12% of the variance in participation after controlling for disability type.

The second study includes an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measure of participation that provides a more dynamic picture of causal factors. Using EMA methods, participants complete multiple data points about pain, barriers, and participation as they occur, across time and situations. Our hope is that EMA methods will better assist researchers and practitioners in evaluating the dynamic interplay of personal and environmental factors, leading to improved participation interventions, including medical rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, and independent living.

Links to Project Publications Available on UMScholarWorks:

Pain and Participation

Pain Interference Patterns

Links to Scholarly Articles and Abstracts:

An investigation into the temporal scaling of community participation measurement

Quick Links: Health & Wellness

Current Projects

  • Ecological Decision Support for Health Promotion
    Many communities across rural America are far away from healthcare services. Rural residents with disabilities may not be able to get to those services to address their healthcare needs. This project will provide a consumer directed health program to people with disabilities in rural communities that allows them to follow their own needs and interests for health improvement. Participants will use tablet computers and work with local Centers for Independent Living in order to participate in the program.
  • Healthy Community Living
    Healthy Community Living is a project to develop a multi-media health promotion program to improve people’s health and wellbeing that provides support, health promotion, education and opportunities for people with disabilities to succeed in reaching personal goals. It includes two separate curricula that blend in-person program delivery with online social engagement and website materials.
  • Rural Access to Health Insurance and Health Care
    The Collaborative on Health Reform and Independent Living (CHRIL) is conducting a nation-wide survey to understand how changes in health care reimbursement strategies affects working-age people with disabilities in terms of access to health insurance, and associated health care and quality of life outcomes. RTC:Rural is partnering with CHRIL to increase the rural representation in the survey and to answer rural-specific questions about health care coverage, availability, and quality of life.
  • Building Networks to Expand Living Well Delivery
    Living Well with a Disability is an evidence-based, peer-led self-management program that helps participants to set and reach quality-of-life goals by developing a healthy lifestyle. RTC:Rural provides training and certification for Centers for Independent Living (CILs) to conduct the workshops. However, not all people with disabilities who may benefit from Living Well are connected to their local CILs. By partnering with rural community hospitals and CILs, the Building Networks to Expand Living Well Delivery project will expand the reach of Living Well. Scaling up Living Well to rural hospitals will extend the reach of the program and improve the capacity of rural hospitals to support rural independent community living.

Completed Projects

COMPLETED PROJECTS | 2014 - present

 
  • Resilience in Community Participation
    Employment, social support, health status and the environment influence a person’s ability to deal with difficult experiences. These factors also have an effect on whether or not someone participates in their community. This study will focus on rural resilience to learn more about how people deal with difficulties associated with having a disability even as they participate in the rural community.
  • Pain Interference Patterns
    Because many people with disabilities experience significant limitations in their ability to engage in community activities (e.g., shopping, entertainment, etc.), we wanted to know how pain and environmental conditions affected participation in community activities. To help answer this question, we asked people with disabilities to complete 4 surveys over 18 months about their pain levels, environmental barriers, and participation in daily activities. About one-third of these people also completed six surveys for day for 14 days using an electronic diary that asked similar questions. We found that as people experience more fatigue and pain, their community participation decreased.

COMPLETED PROJECTS | 2008 - 2013

 
  • Consumer Self-Managed Use of Rural Healthcare Services
    In rural America, health management resources are not as available as they are in urban areas which makes managing complex health needs more difficult. One way of improving health status for rural Americans with disabilities is to use existing healthcare services that serve rural communities to promote effective health-related self-management.
  • Nursing Home Emancipation
    Many people with disabilities are institutionalized in nursing homes when they could live independently. Nearly forty percent of nursing homes are located in rural communities with limited access to services, family and oversight. Centers for Independent Living (CILs) have worked to move people from nursing home facilities into independent living situations with great success. Few people, once they leave a nursing home, ever return.
  • Peer Support for Rural Mental Health
    People with disabilities have poor access to mental health services in rural areas, a gap that may be decreased through peer specialist services. Peer specialist providers offer a variety of services to people with disabilities and share similar experiences to those they are serving. They provide peer counseling, advocacy and can help in accessing resources. This project developed and offered a peer support training program to Centers for Independent Living staff and peers to help identify and provide support for mental health needs among CIL consumers. Results showed that people sought peer services when they experienced an increase in mental health symptoms which subsequently were reduced back to normal.
  • Peer Support for Secondary Mental Health Conditions
    When people with disabilities experience mental health symptoms, participation in community life can be reduced. This study surveyed people with disabilities in rural communities to see what kinds of mental health conditions they experience. Implementation of a peer specialist training curriculum for CIL staff and peers indicated that people experiencing elevated mental health symptoms presented for peer support. Subsequently, their symptom levels returned to normal.

COMPLETED PROJECTS | prior to 2008

 
  • Living Well with a Disability
    The Living Well with a Disability workshop is a ten-week evidence-based program designed to improve the health and wellness of people with disabilities. People who have taken the workshop report better health, lower medical costs and improved quality of life.
  • Nutrition
    Good nutrition can be facilitated and supported by organizing the home environment. This line of research describes methods for assessing the environment and the ways in which it promotes healthy eating.
  • Secondary Conditions
    Health problems that come as a result of having a disability, such as high blood pressure and weight gain, can limit people from participating in life activities. This project focused on these secondary health conditions and led to the development of the Living Well with a Disability program.

Products & Training

  • Living Well with a Disability Living Well with a Disability is a peer-led health promotion workshop that focuses on improved quality of life through the development of a healthy lifestyle. Training is available.

External Resources